European coins

The catalogues distinguish euro-area countries, other countries that issue or use the euro, EU member states outside the euro area, and other European countries.

Coins issued before the euro are generally shown from the latest available series. For some countries, including Italy, Vatican City and San Marino, the collection covers several historical periods.

European coins are shown with images and details of their dimensions and materials.

Next to each country is shown the monetary family or historical pathway documented in Monetary families. The reference concerns a specific period or relationship, not the country’s entire history. For Kosovo and Montenegro, the link opens the area’s monetary context and the use of the euro, which is separate from the Serbian coin catalogue. A monetary family, a metallic standard, a currency succession and an exchange-rate peg are not interchangeable concepts.

Explore: by country · by family and currency.

Arrows indicate currency succession, not necessarily common ancestry. In Estonia, the kroon replaced the Estonian mark in 1928; from 1992 it was also pegged to the German mark. Finland used the Finnish markka, not a krone: introduced in 1860 at a rate linked to the rouble, it later adopted the franc standard in 1878. The Latvia and Lithuania pathways refer to the return of national currencies in the 1990s, not their original introduction in 1922. For Bosnia, the reference to the German mark indicates the initial fixed exchange rate.

The Austro-Yugoslav monetary transition.In the former Austro-Hungarian territories incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes—covering Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina—the Austro-Hungarian krone continued as a provisional Yugoslav krone and was converted into dinars in 1920 at a rate of four kronen to one dinar. The Serbian dinar, with its own earlier history, also joined the common system; the Habsburg transition therefore should not be applied indiscriminately to all Slavic countries. Later national histories remain distinct: the tolar in Slovenia, the Croatian dinar and kuna in Croatia, and the convertible mark in Bosnia and Herzegovina, initially pegged to the German mark.